Drug and drug allergies - is secondary increased immune response to specific drugs or their components, accompanied by general or local clinical manifestations.
Drug allergies can occur as a complication in the treatment of a disease or as occupational disease due to prolonged exposure to drugs and medicines (from doctors, health workers, pharmacists). According to statistics, among the urban population drug allergy occurs more frequently among women aged 31-40 years. The main causes of development of allergies to medicines:
-- Hereditary, caused by genetically predisposed;
-- Availability of other types of allergies (bacteria, pollen, food, etc.);
-- Prolonged use of sick (in healthy - contact) drugs, especially repeated courses;
-- Use of depot preparations (for example, bitsillin);
-- The simultaneous appointment of a large number of drugs from different groups (poliprogmaziya), products of metabolism which may reinforce each other allergens effect;
-- Physical-chemical structure, high sensibiliziruyuschaya drug activity.
Allergic reaction to medication may arise from drugs overdose (in this case it was a reaction psevdoallergicheskoy).
Virtually all drugs can trigger allergic reactions. In most cases, cause allergic reactions are antibiotics, local anaesthetics, non-steroid anti-drugs, etc. One appeared, drug allergy will arise again and again when re-admission of drugs.
It must be remembered that opportunities for development of allergic reaction is needed sensebilizatsii period, the duration of which differs from the various allergens and reactivity depends on the organism. On average, this period is 7-10 days. Immediately allergic reactions to drugs developed from several seconds to several hours and could provoke severe reactions such as anafilaktichesky shock, bronchial asthma attack, rash, edema Kvinke, as well as conjunctivitis and allergies, etc. One of the worst manifestations of drug allergies - anafilaktichesky shock, expressed sharp decline in blood pressure - is a life-threatening condition and requires immediate assistance.
Clinical forms (for containment and engagement of organs and systems)
Generalized:
-- Anafilaktichesky shock;
-- Serum sickness and syvorotochnopodobny syndrome (STI-visceral form of drug allergies);
-- Fever;
-- Generalized vaskulity in combination with other diseases.
Localized (organ and system):
-- Skin lesions;
-- Toksikodermii defeat internal organs (Layella syndrome, Stevens-Johnson);
-- Hematologic destruction;
-- Vaskulity;
-- Visceral (internal organs);
-- Mucous membranes and respiratory system;
-- Nervous system.
To identify the causes of drug allergies need to undertake a survey. To determine patient portability of certain medicines, used different diagnostic tests, after which the doctor-patient allergology gives recommendations on the possibility of receiving those or other medicines.
For prevention of drug allergies should observe the following rules:
-- Remember, but better - to save the name of the drug, causing allergic manifestations;
-- Warn health workers on the reactions to those or other drugs;
-- Before stranger to take medication, consult with a physician.